राष्ट्रीयीकरण ही खाजगी संस्था किंवा कंपनी सरकारने घेउन आपले व्यवस्थापन तेथे बसविण्याची प्रक्रिया होय. यात सरकार खाजगी कंपनीच्या मालकांना सहसा मोबदला देते परंतु काही वेळेस ही मिळकत मोबदला न देताच बळकावली जाती.

Nationalization is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization contrasts with privatization and with demutualization. When previously nationalized assets are privatized and subsequently returned to public ownership at a later stage, they are said to have undergone renationalization. Industries often subject to nationalization include telecommunications, electric power, fossil fuels, railways, airlines, iron ore, media, postal services, banks, and water, and in many jurisdictions such entities have no history of private ownership.