આદિકાળથી ગાઢ જંગલ કે દુર્ગમ પ્રદેશના અંતરિયાળ વિસ્તારમાં વસવાટ કરતા લોકોને ભારતમાં આદિવાસી તરીકે ઓળખવામાં આવે છે. વિશ્વફલક પર એમને મૂળ વસાહતીઓ તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે.

The Adivasi are heterogeneous tribal groups across the Indian subcontinent. The term is a Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by political activists to give the tribal people an indigenous identity by claiming an indigenous origin. The term is also used for ethnic minorities, such as Chakmas of Bangladesh, mulbasi Tibeto-Burman of Nepal, and Vedda of Sri Lanka. The Constitution of India does not use the word Adivasi, instead referring to Scheduled Tribes and Janjati. The government of India does not officially recognise tribes as indigenous people. The country ratified the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 107 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the United Nations (1957) and refused to sign the ILO Convention 169. Most of these groups are included in the Scheduled Tribe category under constitutional provisions in India.