ਸੂਬਾ ਕਿਸੇ ਸੰਘੀ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਖੇਤਰ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਟੇਟ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਸਨੂੰ ਰਾਜ ਵੀ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ। ਉਦਾਹਰਨ ਲਈ ਹਿਮਾਚਲ, ਉੱਤਰਾਖੰਡ, ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ। ਇਹ ਪੂਰਨ ਪ੍ਰਭੂਤ ਰਾਜਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਇਸ ਗੱਲੋਂ ਭਿੰਨ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਕੁਝ ਮੁੱਖ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਆਂ ਸੰਘ ਦੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਸੌਂਪੀਆਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।

A Subah was the term for a province (state) in the Mughal Empire. The term was also used by other polities of the Indian subcontinent. The word is derived from Arabic and Persian. The governor/ruler of a Subah was known as a subahdar, which later became subedar to refer to an officer in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army. The subahs were established by badshah (emperor) Akbar during his administrative reforms of the years 1572–1580; initially, they numbered 12, but his conquests expanded the number of subahs to 15 by the end of his reign. Subahs were divided into Sarkars, or districts. Sarkars were further divided into Parganas or Mahals. His successors, most notably Aurangzeb, expanded the number of subahs further through their conquests. As the empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many subahs became effectively independent or were conquered by the Marathas or the British.