Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion. A third type of inference is sometimes distinguished, notably by Charles Sanders Peirce, contradistinguishing abduction from induction.

तर्कशास्त्र में अनुमान या अनुमिति (inference) तर्क-वितर्क द्वारा आधार कथनों से तार्किक नष्कर्ष निकालने की प्रक्रिया को कहते हैं। अनुमिति के दो मुख्य प्रकार होते हैं: निगमन (deduction) और आगमन (induction)।