A desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to denudation. About one-third of the land surface of the Earth is arid or semi-arid. This includes much of the polar regions, where little precipitation occurs, and which are sometimes called polar deserts or "cold deserts". Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.

वाळवंट हे अनेक भौगोलिक रचनांपैकी एक असून पृथ्वीचा बराच भूभाग वाळवंटांनी व्यापला आहे. तथापि वाळवंट हा शब्द केवळ वाळूने व्यापलेल्या प्रदेशालाच लागू होत नाही तर इतर काही भौगोलिक रचनादेखील वाळवंट या संज्ञेत येतात.