Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. In the United Kingdom, paediatrics covers many of their youth until the age of 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people seek pediatric care through the age of 21, but some pediatric subspecialists continue to care for adults up to 25. Worldwide age limits of pediatrics have been trending upward year after year. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word pediatrics and its cognates mean "healer of children", derived from the two Greek words: παῖς and ἰατρός. Pediatricians work in clinics, research centers, universities, general hospitals and children's hospitals, including those who practice pediatric subspecialties.

बालचिकित्सा (Pediatrics) या बालरोग विज्ञान चिकित्सा विज्ञान की वह शाखा है जो शिशुओं, बालों एवं किशोरों के रोगों एवं उनकी चिकत्सा से सम्बन्धित है। आयु की दृष्टि से इस श्रेणी में नवजात शिशु से लेकर १२ से २१ वर्ष के किशोर तक आ जाते हैँ। इस श्रेणी के उम्र की उपरी सीमा एक देश से दूसरे देश में अलग-अलग है।