உராய்வியல் அல்லது உராய்வு அறிவியல் (tribology) என்பது உராய்வு, தேய்மானம் மற்றும் உயவிடல் பற்றிக் கற்கும் அறிவியல் ஆகும். உராய்வியல் இயந்திரவியல் பொறியியல், பொருளறிவியல் ஆகியவற்றின் ஒரு கிளை ஆகும்.

Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. The fundamental objects of study in tribology are tribosystems, which are physical systems of contacting surfaces. Subfields of tribology include biotribology, nanotribology and space tribology. It is also related to other areas such as the coupling of corrosion and tribology in tribocorrosion and the contact mechanics of how surfaces in contact deform. Approximately 20% of the total energy expenditure of the world is due to the impact of friction and wear in the transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential sectors.